President Obama visited Delhi on the occasion of our Republic Day earlier this year. Arvind Kejriwal was the immediate past Chief Minister of Delhi, which had no Chief Minister at that time. Kiran Bedi had just been roped in as the Chief Ministerial candidate by the BJP.  Kejrival had complained to the Press that he was not invited for the Republic Day parade. Kiran Bedi had a prime seat for that occasion. A proud Bedi gave a public advice: “If he wants an invitation, let him join BJP”.

This in a way summarizes our way of life.  It is not enough if you deserve something, you need to meet the powers that be and pay your obedience. If you don’t do it, the powers that be will ensure that you don’t get what you deserve. We would of course continue to talk about merit on public forum. It was saddening to see the iron lady from Tihar make this statement in 2015.

I was very pleased to see a newspaper announcement after Modi had assumed charge as PM. ‘Do not hang around and keep asking for favors’. After reading about Kiran Bedi’s advise to Kejriwal, I wonder what that announcement meant. ‘If we have some use for you, we will call you and throw some favors, you don’t come and ask’. Some one like Kiran Bedi should have deserved better.

When I had joined the IISc 18 years back, a senior colleague advised me: “Go and meet this influential person”. It was bizarre and some thing I have never been used to doing. I ignored the advice. It is certainly not that I would not like to meet an accomplished person. The objective of such a visit, which was apparent from the suggestion, was sickening to me. I have seen several around me paying a visit and letting their presence known. It seems to have helped some of those who visited.

If you have not read Obama’s ‘The Audacity of Hope’, I would strongly recommend that book. He describes an incident in which President Bush hosts a party to the legislators in the USA. Barrack Obama was a young representative at that time. Bush was always surrounded by many and Obama stayed in some corner. When the meeting was about to end, Bush goes to Obama and offers a hand. Obama, with some food in his hand stumbles. Bush had heard about Obama and has a brief chat with him on his own! I have witnessed such events.

It is indeed important that the elders are respected. However, respect should always be earned and not demanded. I see many not so accomplished young leaders suffering when they don’t feel respected enough by their younger colleagues. It gets into their head and they make statements which they themselves would regret, if and when they come down to earth. Some do not come down to earth though. It is a puzzle to me! Why our system puts up with their open display of arrogance!

I do hope that our youngster don’t fall prey to those in power. However, this needs courage, which still appears to be short in supply. One cannot, of course, loose hope. I indeed like the title chosen by Obama ‘The audacity of hope’. I do see in our youth enough signs that ‘respecting elders’ would no longer mean ‘implicit obedience’ and ‘accepting everything that is said without questioning’. I only hope our elders see this trend and stop ‘favoring’ the more-obedient at the cost of merit. We have suffered a lot due to such leadership all over India in every field.

This is a continuation on my previous blog with the same title. The main purpose of this second blog is my urge to share with interested readers a few more anecdotes from my experience.  I learned about two professors, one from India and one from the USA and one political leader who used religious fanaticism to grow.

‘Travel is lethal to indifference, bigotry and narrow mindedness’ said Mark Twain and I could not agree more. As I mentioned in my previous blog, joining American College, barely 1 km away from my home, taught me about people eating non-vegetarian everyday. Though, the college was just a km away, it had students from many parts of Tamil Nadu and from a diverse background. It also taught me about the eagerness shown by Christians to bring others into their fold. When I joined IIT Madras for MSc in 1982, I found out about Hindus who would not eat non-vegetarian only on Saturday. All my childhood, I was eating mutton only on Saturday.

I realized there is nothing sacrosanct about any of these practices. However, following some discipline in life is always good and if you are following something, do follow it.  Don’t expect others to understand it or approve it. If any one claims, his/her way of life is the correct way, you can laugh and ignore. If it is forced, one must object. As nothing is sacrosanct, there is no need to be too hard on ourselves.

Around 1996, when I was in IIT Kanpur as a faculty, I found a seminar notice which aroused my curiosity. The speaker was a professor at IIT Delhi, and if my memory serves me right, in the Mechanical Engineering Department. The title went something to this effect ‘How to solve all the world’s problems’. As I have always been interested in solving all the world’s problems, I attended the talk. Within a few minutes, it was clear to me that the speaker’s suggestions would only create more problems. He simply said: ‘Anytime there is a conflict, follow what Bhagavatham says’.

I had not seen/read Bhagavatham and to the best of my knowledge this holy book is about Vishnu and Vaishnavaites are expected to follow this. I told the speaker: Your suggestion is good for creating and not solving problems. It is not just because I am from a Shaivaite family. I have read about serious conflicts and fights between these two groups in the history of India. This whole conflict is silly as many scholars have pointed out that Shiva and Vishnu are both, two forms of God.

A few years later, when I was in IISc, Bangalore, a very successful theoretical chemist from the USA visited IISc. He was among the topmost cited chemists. He gave three talks, one for the specialized audience in a Chemistry Department, one for all science audience at our faculty hall and one evening talk at a community hall. I happened to be his host from IISc during this visit and as a polite host, attended all the three talks. The third one was titled something to the effect ‘The resurrection of Christ is scientifically proven’. I was curious again but all he mentioned in the talk was that he believed it! You cannot argue with believers. As far as I could see, no ‘scientific proof’ was given.

He is certainly not the first scientist to have faith. Even then, I was amazed at his evangelical zeal to preach. I learned that he was a ‘born-again’ christian. He had a terrible loss in his life which pushed him towards faith and I can completely understand his choice. This brings me to the third person, a political leader from India who grew using religion. He had a temple in his house and pictures and statues of God all over the house. He installed many all over the city he was dominating. He also had a terrible loss in his life, and he became an atheist. He ordered removing all Gods from his house! As if God’s primary duty was to ensure that he does not loose anything.

Clearly, conversion not only happens between religions (between different faiths), it can also happen from no faith to faith, atheists to theists and reverse. Often these are based on personal experiences in life. I have never been religious and am convinced that all the books on Gods from all over the Universe were written by scholars at various point of time.  In today’s world, I can only believe in a constitution written and approved in a democracy and not on any religious books.

Our society is largely patriarchal, even in 2015. One can see it from the way we treat children, students, subordinates, coworkers etc… “Just listen, I know what is good for you”. It continues when the children become parents and the students become professors! I would like to share some personal experience which helped me learn a few things in life. These may not be applicable to some of you who have come from a less protective/more liberal surrounding

I visited a distant relative who had settled in Canada during 1993 with my wife and some other relatives. He had moved to Canada in the 1970s and we used to play street games together during our childhood. He was married and had a son, 1-2 years old. His great uncle, also a distant relative of mine, had supported his move to Canada towards the end of his high school. We knocked at the door and his wife, with their young son on her lap, opened the door. As several of us entered the door, the boy started crying. The mother told us: “I did not prepare him for your visit and that is why he is crying, I am sorry”. I thought to myself “Alright you guys came to Canada long back, now don’t tell me this…”.  Though I did not say it, I was ashamed of this thought later in life. We had our first daughter born in 1994.

In 1995 while on a visit to Urbana-Champaign, a close friend of mine, originally from Iceland, had called us for dinner. His wife had given some papers and crayons for our elder daughter to draw as we were all chatting. After the dinner, when we were about to leave, we wanted to clear up the “mess”.  We took all the papers in which our daughter had ‘scribbled’ something and we were about to trash. His wife was shocked “Your daughter was drawing something beautiful, you just want to trash it!”. Somewhat apologetically, we kept those papers somewhere and bid them good bye.

We moved to Bangalore in 1997 and had two young daughters. My sister from Madurai visited us with her family. We did not have any vehicles at that time and we rented a van everyday and went around Bangalore and Mysore for 3-4 days. Then one night, I had called for a taxi. When the taxi arrived, my sister and family got in and me and my wife waved them good bye. Our daughters started crying loud wanting to get in to the taxi. My sister proudly said: “They love their aunt so much they are keen on coming with us”.

Of course she has been a great aunt but at that time our daughters had barely known the aunt except for those few days when we went around. It suddenly occurred to me that we had never informed our daughters that aunt’s family would be going back home that night. They were used to getting in to the car and merrily going around and suddenly, we were telling them that they should not get into the car! We had not prepared our daughters for their aunt’s departure.

A few months later, my in-laws had come in a group with some kids and we repeated the routine. On the day of their departure, I spoke to my daughters in the morning: “You know, tonight grandma, aunty and your cousins are all going back to Madras. Would you both like to go with them or stay back here with us” Their choice was obvious. That night, my mother-in-law was telling my wife just before their departure: “Keep the children inside, they would start crying when we leave”. I told her: “They won’t cry and they would wish you good bye and sleep”. And so they did. It is not that they loved my in-laws family any less.

Even today, it is not uncommon in many families to hear these words: ‘ What does she/he know? Why do you have to ask her/him, I will bring a boy/girl and they will get married!’.  Making decisions for people below us and accepting the decisions of people above us, seems to have been a way-of-life for us. Respecting the elders has been equated to agreeing with everything they say without any thinking on our part. This may help in freezing the time and living in the ‘glorious past’.

Isn’t it a surprise that we often here about ‘lack of creativity’ in many fields? If we stop crippling our children, with the young population we have, no one can stop our growth!

PS: Our marriage was arranged by our parents and I consider myself quite fortunate! Clearly, I cannot advice any one not to listen to parents/teachers. That is certainly not the objective. Our parents and teachers may do well to learn and say: ‘If I were you, I would do this because of these reasons’ and stop saying “don’t talk back and do what I say’. Let us learn to treat them as individuals with respect.

I was a graduate student at the Kansas State University in a small town, Manhattan, during 1986-91. On one afternoon, just after lunch I was alone in my apartment and my roommate was not there. The calling bell rang and when I opened the door, I found two elderly ladies smiling at me. One of them asked me: “Young man, are you happy with the way the Government is solving the problems we face?”. I almost knew what they were after and so answered them: “Absolutely, I have voted in every election and helped in choosing the right people. In case they don’t deliver, the next election I vote for some one else”. The ladies did not expect my answer and were taken aback. They still invited me to Christ, the savior of all. If I were disappointed with the Government, they could have had it easier. I, of course, did not have voting rights in the USA. I have voted in many elections in India but not all.

I was born in a Hindu family, perhaps more appropriately, a Shaivite family if one were to mention the religion. Apparently Hindu does not mean religion but a way of life, and believe me there are many ways of life. We followed one Hindu way of life. After my bath every morning, I would put ‘viboothi‘ on my forehead using two fingers. I used to see most using three/four fingers and some using one finger and I was using two fingers. It is just something I chose to do and no one objected or perhaps noted. We would have prayers on most mornings and evenings, when most of us sat down in the prayer room and recited Thevaram, Thiruvasagam and other devotional songs on Shiva and other Gods in Tamil. We did not discriminate Gods. These songs were beautiful, melodious and those who know them simply adore them. And even now I do and know many of the verses by heart.

We used to have oil-bath every saturday, when we put gingley oil all over our body and use Shihakai powder to clean up the oil. We invariably had mutton and bone-marrow soup for lunch on this day. I thought everyone had meat one meal a week and did not realize that it may have been a decision based on economy. I did not know ‘Hindus are vegetarians’ either. We celebrated most Hindu festivals. We had a festival called ‘Mulaipari‘ which is a festival of locals and everyone in our locality participated. This happened once in a few years and every night, men, women, boys and girls would get together and dance independently (men and women groups danced one after the other and not together).  We, of course, had prayers offered to Mariamman goddess every night. On the last day, Mulaipari would be carried by women and we would march towards the river Vaigai  and stop in all temples along the way, including a mosque. Every temple and the mosque would welcome us warmly. We had our own temple where we were the priests. Yes, I am from a priest family. It is in Puliyooran, about 60 km south of Madurai and the deity is Shiva.

Being a native of Madurai from South India, I learned tolerance of all faiths. Madurai is home to one of the largest festivals, known as ‘Chitra Festival’. This is unique in that it is a city festival. Most of the city participates in this festival including many of the big and small temples (both Shaivites and Vaishnavites) spread all over Madurai and beyond. And for a good measure, some mosques too. I learn that Thirumalai Nayakkar integrated the various festivals happening in different parts and times in to one city festival (he literally united space and time) in the 17th century. Madurai had religious harmony during my childhood that I could not find in Delhi or Kanpur where I lived later in my life. I particularly remember one incident around the 1980s.

One of the Hindu groups had put a poster all over Madurai claiming that they would go on top of the Thirupparankunram Temple hill to put some ‘Deepam’ (light). It is one of the big temples participating in the Chitra festival and also one of the six ‘houses’ for the God of Tamil, Murugan, who is also known as ‘Arumugam (six faced). There are six such houses for Arumugam all over Tamil Nadu. Madurai has one more, Pazhamuthir Solai. On top of the Thirupparankunram hill is a small mosque. This Hindu group claimed that Hindus used to light a lamp on top of the hill in the past and it was stopped (following the construction of mosque?). I was not aware of this ‘history’ and people around me did not seem to have known about this practice either. The group had invited everyone to join in the march to the top of the hill to start this practice again. Very few turned up and the plan fizzled out. The mosque and temple have been co-existing for a very long time and it seemed to me that this was a motivated plan to divide the society. Most of the people in Madurai did not buy this at that time.

When I joined The American College, I learned Chemistry and also different ways of life. I found out that there were some who had meat every day. I found out that Christians are eager to convert others to their religion and preach rigorously. We had roll numbers given to us alphabetically. One of my classmate, B was sitting in between A and C and B became a Christian before our 3 year B.Sc. programme ended. His family was still Hindu and was not very happy with the decision. It was a voluntary decision by B, helped by the persuasion of A and C, I thought. Those days this person, C (I have given an appropriate name) would not talk about anything other than Chemistry or Christ. I remember arguing with him giving him my reasons for not becoming a Christian at that time: I commit two sins all through my life and otherwise have done only good deeds: one is a sin and the second one is not asking for forgiveness for this sin. He would tell me that I have to go to The Hell for this. I would just smile.

I have many close friends from India who are Christians and from what I could make out, some of them are recent converts and some have been Christians for many centuries. Some of the recent converts are eager to bring others in to this faith, as they are convinced that Christ can save them. You cannot convert to Hinduism, from what I have learned (now we have special programmes to bring them back). I have never been a religious person and I believe in one thing about God, should there be one. It is a proverb in Tamil I adore: கண்டவர் விண்டிலர் விண்டவர் கண்டிலர் (Those who have seen have not revealed, and those who reveal, have not seen). In any case, I thought, if I were to believe in a God who could save me, should not I let all my friends know that and ask them to join me? For some reasons, Hindus did not do that.

Hindus not only forbade conversions, they would not even allow persons from other faith entering the ‘sanctum sanctorum’ in their temple. And we have some Hindus who would tell other gullible ones that  prayers in Sanskrit are holier than the prayers in their native languages, even in 2015! Christians in Bangalore conduct services in English, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi and if you speak a different language, they can start one for you. Christ seems to be following all these languages. Tamils had to start a major movement in Tamil Nadu to have prayers in Tamil. I went to Puri a year ago and one of the priest proudly told me: Even Indira Gandhi was not allowed inside the temple, when she was the Prime Minister of India. Ms. Gandhi had married a non-Hindu. You have to pay a price for such silly and false-pride.  You cannot complain and ask for laws to prohibit conversions. The Hindus certainly need to introspect. In closing, let me quote from an article I read in The Hindu today: Why, despite their (17th century mathematicians from Kerala school) brilliance, did this knowledge not trigger the kind of revolution set off by Newtonian calculus? ( http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/comment-for-a-newly-imagined-historical-temper/article6866021.ece?homepage=true)

PS: Some personal opinions on specific issues

0) I like Bhagavad Gita (most part except where it warns about ‘racial mixing’) and Thirukkural. I think Hindu philosophers were far advanced in their thinking and Hinduism as a religion is far advanced than monotheic religions. It recognizes diversity, which the recent over-zealous self-appointed guardians overlook.

1) The New York Times Editorial published today (6/7 Febrary 2015) advising our PM Modi was uncalled for.

2) I liked Obama’s passing mention on the importance of not letting India divide on religious lines while on a visit to India.

3) I very much liked Chomana Dudi, the first Kannada movie I watched. The hero, a poor dalit(?) refuses to convert for money.

4) I do not like exploiting the plights of the poor to convert them. If Christians were to say ‘idol worship is bad’, I would say ‘Hell with you Christians’. Read about Muthuramalinga Thevar in his biography, if you know Tamil ‘Pokkisham’.

5) As long as the caste system continues in the Hindu society, if I were from a suppressed caste, I would say ‘Hell with you Hindus’ and become an atheist/buddhist/christian….

6) I would not like Hindi to become the National language of India and ‘Sanskritization’ of education.

7) Words given in italics can be searched in google if you want to know more.

To borrow from the answer to a question ‘Is Mathematics Science?’, the short answer is yes and the shorter answer is no (1) However, the leaders of yesteryear’s, who are unwilling to go either out of genuine concern for the future of science in India or for personal gains, believe otherwise. Extension seems to be the norm rather than exception with a standard ‘no one suitable could be found’ reason. Even for some who criticize this situation when they are young, it comes in handy after getting a leadership position.

Leadership cannot be equated to scholarship or h index or the funds brought in, if one does not have the ability to carry an organization together. A leader must have empathy and not apathy. A leader cannot be selfish. A true leader will avoid being surrounded by incompetent cronies, except perhaps for Shining In Contrast, a SIC principle as pointed out by a colleague. A leader will have a vision for an organization. There isn’t anything new here, isn’t it? As Thiruvalluvar says in his famous Thirukural in Tamil: “இடிப்பாரை இல்லா ஏமரா மன்னன் கெடுப்பா ரில்லானும் கெடும்” a king who does not have any one around him to point out his flaws, does not need others to spoil him (and of course, it had to be kings those days, though it applies equally to the Queens).

Why do we have this talk about the lack of leadership time and again? Favouritism and nepotism have been a serious problem in India, both real and perceived. While the real favouritism brings in incapable leaders to some organizations, the perceived one makes other organizations unwilling to cooperate with the chosen leaders. Anyone can find a statement issued by employers in USA including all Universities about being an EO/AA employer. Though equal opportunity and affirmative action are contradicting, even the number one nation in the world realizes the need for both. However, affirmative action does not mean an undeserving person should be chosen to lead an organization. It means, everyone should be given opportunities to rise to any level they are capable of. Obama did not become President of USA because he was an African American. He did because he was the better of the two candidates.

One can find a statement such as ‘University is committed to non-discrimination on the basis of race, color, ethnic or national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, age, ancestry, disability, military status, veteran status, or other non-merit reasons, in admissions, educational programs or activities and employment…’ (2) In India, one can safely remove the ‘non’ in the statement above as we are used to discrimination on all these basis and any other basis that may be discovered from time to time. In India, one also needs to add caste and language to the list given above.

The committees appointed to select leaders are not just looking for the best candidate for any given position, but are looking for ‘the best candidate within a group to lead’. When the leader is from a given group, most in the group are happy whether we have progress or not. Typically one group stops complaining even at grave blunders and the other group looks at every opportunity to complain. Affirmative action throws in unexpected leaders but often they end up facing an unwilling organization. When such leaders appoint people, instead of correcting the past anomalies, they end up looking for candidates from a different group and the cycle continues.

We also rise generations of people who are not allowed to question elders initially and as time progresses they lack the courage to question, whether the elders are right or wrong. As it was with the old joint families, grandpa was always right and one should not do anything that may displease him even slightly. We can see this extended to our political parties and religious organizations. We have blind followers who are convinced about the leadership qualities of those who get such positions by some heritage. Unfortunately, the same attitude is seen even among the scientists including in elite institutions here in India. Their leader can do no wrong, no matter what happens! The consequence is that Indians mistake an individual to be an Institution.

People of my age and older would remember the slogan ‘India is Indira and Indira is India’ which eventually led to a blot on our democracy in 1975, declaration of emergency. The same persons occupying a position for too long is not good for any organization, be it a government, sports academy or an academic institution. The hue and cry about the 100th hundred of Tendulkar in front pages of newspapers pushing the defeat of India to Bangladesh to the last page recently is a great example.

How can we change this situation? The committees responsible for appointing leaders should think beyond their own interest and think about the future of an institution, our nation and science. The appointed leaders should strive hard to avoid groupism and rise to the occasion. They should prove by their act that they do not have any of the biases indicated above. Can it happen? Yes, it can. It is happening in India today in many fields and as I had pointed out in a recent article, science and journalism are two fields yet to come out of the stranglehold of the elite. (3) I am confident that, it won’t be long before it changes.
References:
1. I had seen this quote in the internet as answer to the question ‘Is mathematics science?’ http://www.bydesign.com/powervision/Mathematics_Philosophy_Science/PVPAGE12.html The link does not work now.
2. http://ap.washington.edu/eoaa/ (Accessed on 3 January 2015 19:21 IST)
3. http://cs-test.ias.ac.in/cs/Volumes/100/01/0021.pdf  See an enlarged version here: http://ipc.iisc.ernet.in/~arunan/doc/indianscience.html. This has been added to this blog recently.

(Written on 10 February 2012)

Obviously, I am talking about the number of zeroes that follow any of the other nine digits in the research funds one apparently brings. Coincidentally, Balaram’s editorial on ‘new year reflections about science in India’ (1) and Zare’s correspondence on ‘research impact’ (2) have appeared around the same time there were news paper reports about massive investments in science/technology in India. While Balaram has made pertinent points about the futility of using blind statistics for increasing funding in any area, one news report precisely gives a blind statistics as reason for massive investment. Obviously, a news report cannot include more details and one hopes that the funding agency has looked into every aspect before making the announcement.

The eminent physical chemist, Richard Zare of Stanford University states that his Department does not look at the funds brought in, h-index or any of the numerical indices but asks what has the candidate done?2 Several experts are asked to comment about the candidate’s contribution to the given field and their comments have significant influence in the tenure process. In India we do have problems in finding adequate number of experts in any field. There is also a perception that large funds go to people based on who they know and not on what they know and the evaluations tend to get more subjective, rather than being objective. However, the suggestion of Balaram (1) that ‘Administrations must follow the policy of benign neglect with respect to high performers even while turning a blind eye to the significant deadwood accumulating in our Institutions’ might appear rather as an admission of inability and/or unwillingness to act. Is this the best one can say welcoming the new year?

While the country is certainly ready to invest big in science and technology, leaders of Indian science have failed for the most part. It is still common to find extension being given to top positions with the usual claim ‘no one suitable could be found’. If we do not have any leaders today, whose fault is it? India would do well to not accept such explanation. A young inexperienced person would be much better than an old outdated person, if one is worried about long term returns. If we do not replace the old now, when we finally do that due to circumstances beyond our control, the young would not have any experience yet and the ones chosen would be older than now.

As I have written earlier (3), the analogy with cricket is always interesting, given the Indian context. While Mr. Gavaskar condemns the rotation of top 3 batsmen in the current Australia tour, most have appreciated this move by the Indian Captain Dhoni. Gavaskar’s main motivation appears to be ensuring that Tendulkar plays in every match, future of India can wait. (4) It is important to give the young players more playing time. Who knows what would have been the result if more young players went for the test series. It certainly could not have been worse. However, they would have gained valuable experience which will serve India well in the future. Interestingly, after all the old players returned, Dhoni led the young Indian team to win the T20 world championship. He was humble in admitting the contributions of the seniors to Indian cricket and just pointed out that their presence could not have done anything better than what the young team had achieved, winning the championship.

Delaying the induction of young, independent scientists into leading positions now can lead to a situation which can be worse than what we have now. However, our leaders of science have rarely worried about the future of science or the country and they are only keen on keeping their position as long as they could. They are not different from leaders in other fields in India and it is saddening.
1. P. Balaram, Curr. Sci. 2012, 102(1), 7-8.
2. R. N. Zare, Curr. Sci. 2012, 102(1), 9.
3. E. Arunan, Curr. Sci. 2010, 98(8), 993.
4. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/225599/tendulkar-should-play-all-matches.html

INDIAN SCIENCE: CATCH UP WITH INDIA, THEN WORRY ABOUT CHINA

(Part of it was published in Current Science vol 100, page 21 (2011))

Click to access 0021.pdf

In the last few years, there have been several comments that compare the scientific output from China and worry about India lagging far behind. Arunachalam has pointed out that the average citations per paper appear slightly better for India than for China, comparing the highly cited papers from both Nations. (Curr. Sci. 99, 738 (2010). This conclusion appears meaningless when one realizes that the total number of papers published from China is about ten times higher than that from India. Giridhar and Desiraju (doi:10.1038/nindia.2010.156) have looked at all the papers published and pointed out that the average citations have remained more or less the same in the last several years and so China’s increase in quantity has not been at the cost of quality and hence, India is way behind. Balaram has written several editorials cautioning against the use of scientometrics going to the extent of calling it a dismal science (Curr. Sci .95 431 (2008)). I have earlier pointed out that over-emphasizing of these parameters have led to many of our scientists working on problems that can be published and not on problems that need to be solved (Curr. Sci 98, 993 (2010)). This has led to the situation that India does not care about her scientists much.

Tata announces the plans to build the cheapest car in the world and builds it. ISRO announces the launch of Chandrayan and does it successfully. According to the book by Bagla and Menon titled ‘Destination Moon’, it appears that the main contribution from the premiere institution in the country (Indian Institute of Science) to the programme is the suggestion that India should not go ahead with this programme. Other contributions from the Indian Institute of Science, if any, are not taken cognizance of either in the Institute or by ISRO or by the Nation. Considering the fact that the first Chairman of ISRO happens to be the then Director of the Indian Institute of Science, Prof. Satish Dhawan, one wonders what happened in between. Chandrayan not only helped in exciting the Nation, the youth in particular, it also led to an important scientific finding: the presence of water on the moon. Naturally, the nation celebrated the ‘scientists’ from ISRO who were part of the Chandrayan mission and the real scientists from the academia feel upset with the attention ISRO deservedly gets.

The negative thinking evident from the suggestion about the Chandrayan programme seems prevalent among many scientists in India today, including some leaders. They are convinced that nothing useful will come out of any of our attempts and it is all right to continue to do the small things sitting in some corner. If an individual comes to this decision and does what he/she can do best, a system is not affected. It could actually benefit the system. If the leadership in Science has this conviction, it can affect the system and many working scientists realize this problem today. These leaders seem oblivious to the fact that it is often the small dreams and positive thinking that leads to solving problems that are considered impossible to solve. While the Scientists are busy nitpicking about who has a larger h-index (as Balaram pointed out, often in the lower end of the spectrum, Curr. Sci. 99, 857 (2010)), India has been progressing leaving Indian science far behind. Indian scientists seem to be living in an imaginary ivory tower with opaque windows. We need to catch up with India before we can worry about matching China.
The problems plaguing Indian science is well known and many have written about it. In essence, independence is condemned and nepotism is rewarded. We have many scientists who are critical about the system privately, but do not have the courage to speak up when it matters. Not only nepotism, often silence is rewarded too. Several committees making important decisions are chaired by people who have been retired for decades. While the system should enable those capable of doing good science to continue beyond retirement, it is not clear why those who have retired even during service should continue to chair committees making important decisions post official retirement. In-breeding is avoided in the best of the Institutions worldwide. Mere mentioning of such an opinion is opposed in meetings here even by those who may personally agree: “That influential person does not like this mentioned”. Indiscriminate in-breeding is still practiced in some premiere institutions in India. Those who oppose do not seem to realize that familiarity breeds contempt, eventually.

While personal ego is not confined to Indians, we take it to the extreme. Some leaders of science are so consumed with their personal agenda that they can not be bothered about the future of an Institution or Nation or Science. They are so proud that without them the Institution can not run, not in the least realizing that history will eventually judge them to be poor leaders. Such uncontrolled inflated personal egos can lead to statements which would be difficult to comprehend anywhere else in the world. An example that comes to mind was made by a minister recently: ‘I will be happy if the commonwealth games fail’. It does not matter if the country is shown in poor light. It is more important for the person to say ‘I told you so’. We have many scientists behaving exactly like this. If I am not in the centre, let the Nation/Institute/Science go to hell. Thankfully, today’s India does what needs to be done to these individuals: ignore them and carry on with the progress.

India is progressing in every other field: sports, cinema, arts, writing, commerce, industry, etc. In these fields Indians are competing with the best in the world and winning. Viswanathan Anand is the number one Chess player in the world. Sachin Tendulkar is the only active cricketer to be named in the all time greats recently. In any case, Mahendra Singh Dhoni becomes the most successful cricket captain India ever had. Abhinav Bindra becomes the first Olympic Gold Medalist from India. Saina Nehwal won the 40th Gold Medal in the Commonwealth Games, which the Minister desperately wanted to fail, and took India to the second place in the Medals tally inching ahead of the Nation that led to the Commonwealth. The Khans not only rule the bollywood, they top the charts internationally. One Mr. Rajni Kanth, a Maratian settled in Bengaluru as a bus-conductor becomes the undisputed super-star of not just Tamil Nadu but India. His recent movie Enthiran/Robot, directed by Shankar, is an example for thinking and achieving BIG. It is a technological achievement equaling or bettering Hollywood. A. R. Rahman wins both Oscar and Grammy awards. Indian Authors are winning Booker prizes more regularly, winning two out of the last five (Kiran Desai and Aravind Adiga). Indian ladies have won Ms. World and Ms. Universe. IT industry has done India proud contributing significantly to the GDP, a fraction of which the Scientists are eager to take, often without accountability. Tata is not only making Nano now but has also acquired Jaguar and Rolls Royce. Mallya not only owns an IPL team but also a Formula One team. D. Udaya Kumar, from a small town Kallidaikurichi, Tamil Nadu, an Architecture student of Anna University and IIT Mumbai, comes out with a marvelous design for the Rupee symbol. Not surprisingly, these are fields in which merit and only merit matters. Not so in the closely guarded scientific institutions of India, where defining merit is, not so easy. Often the joke is that, you choose the candidate and then fix the qualifications accordingly.

Thanks to the rapidly increasing economic power of India, today the country is willing to invest big in Science and Technology. We do not seem to have enough scientists willing to ask the big questions and address them. As many have pointed out, most everyone is happy doing incremental science. Many active scientists today are convinced that we can not do difficult experiments here and so are not even willing to try. Even those who learn state-of-the-art-experiments during their training abroad, end up looking for safe alternatives after returning to India. Why struggle? It will take longer to publish and promotion may be delayed. When the experts can do no better than what an elementary school kid can do (count numbers), why bother about wasting time attempting to solve a problem that may take longer. Often solving big problems require meaningful collaboration cutting across disciplines. However, in India collaboration is encouraged only on public stage and not in the board rooms discussing the promotion of individuals. Being an experimental physical chemist, I have mentioned about doing difficult experiments. However, I must point out that this applies equally to both experimentalists and theoreticians cutting across all the fields in Science and Engineering. Not many are willing to take up challenging projects.

Science and may be journalism are still waiting to see such growth seen in the other fields. Rajdeep Sardesai has pointed out that 31 out of the 50 gold medalists in the Commonwealth Games are from rural India, Jat men and women (Deccan Herald http://www.deccanherald.com/content/106478/cwg-success-shows-indias-deprived.html.) He points out that investment in the sports academy in the smaller towns and cities have led to the rise of India in sports. He also points out that Journalism is still practiced mostly by some elites and naturally the talent pool that a diverse India can offer has not contributed to the growth of Journalism yet. This is certainly more applicable to Science. The problem with the elite is that, for them solving mundane problems, however important it may be for the Nation, is not exciting. Their dominance has ensured that very few laboratories building equipments and doing challenging experiments survive in India today. Infosys founder Naryanamurthy has pointed out recently that Indian scientists are not interested in solving problems of interest to the Industries (The Hindu, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/article855303.ece). The problem can be best summarized by the quote by John W. Gardner, who was Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare under President Lyndon Johnson: “The society which scorns excellence in plumbing as a humble activity and tolerates shoddiness in philosophy because it is an exalted activity will have neither good plumbing nor good philosophy: neither its pipes nor its theories will hold water”. Indian science not only needs excellent philosophers but also excellent plumbers in the Institutes and the scientific community will learn to respect them both equally for their survival.